The Fortress of Pinkuylluna in Ollantaytambo
Pinkuylluna is an archaeological site located in the heights of Ollantaytambo, known for its impressive fortress and panoramic views of the Sacred Valley. The structure, dating back to the Inca period, is a mix of defensive and religious architecture, with a purpose that is still not completely understood but likely related to the protection and surveillance of the area.
- What will I find in Pinkuylluna?
- Where is Pinkuylluna located?
- How to get to Pinkuylluna?
- Features of the Pinkuylluna archaeological complex
- What does Pinkuylluna mean?
- Comparison: Pinkuylluna archaeological complex vs Pisac
- What was the function of the Pinkuylluna archaeological complex?
- What other places can I visit on my trip to Pinkuylluna?
- Image gallery: Pinkuylluna
- Recommendations
- Frequently asked questions
Pinkuylluna Archaeological Site
What will I find in Pinkuylluna?
In Pinkuylluna, you will find a fascinating blend of Inca architecture, nature, and stunning views.
- The Fortress Ruins: At the top of the hill, you can explore the ruins of an ancient Inca fortress. While its exact function is not fully known, it is believed to have served as a watchtower and defense post. The stone walls, carved with great precision, are integrated into the rock, showcasing the Inca’s architectural skill.
- Panoramic Views: From the top of Pinkuylluna, you will have spectacular views of the Sacred Valley, with views of the city of Ollantaytambo (How to get to Ollantaytambo), agricultural terraces, and the mountain peaks surrounding the area. It’s an ideal place for photography or simply enjoying the tranquility of the natural surroundings.
- Challenging Hiking: Accessing the fortress involves a steep hike through a rocky trail, adding an adventurous touch to the visit. As you ascend, you will have the opportunity to observe local flora and fauna, and the effort will be rewarded with an incredible view at the end of the hike.
- Chambers and Tombs: At the top of the site, you can find what appear to be ceremonial chambers, some tombs, and spaces that archaeologists believe were used for religious or funerary rituals. These remnants give us a glimpse of the spiritual significance the place held for the Incas.
- Low Crowds: Unlike other nearby sites, Pinkuylluna is not as well-known, so you will generally have a more peaceful experience, allowing you to feel more connected to the history and surroundings.
Inca constructions on the way to the Pinkuylluna Fortress
Where is Pinkuylluna located?
Pinkuylluna is located in the town of Ollantaytambo, in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, in the Cusco region. It is about 70 km from the city of Cusco, approximately 1.5 hours by car.
The Pinkuylluna fortress is situated on a hill just north of the town, near the famous Ollantaytambo ruins. Access to the site is through a steep trail that leads visitors up to the top, where the ruins are located.
It is a perfect destination for those in Ollantaytambo, as it is very close to the town’s main square and is a great complement to the visit to the other more famous ruins in the area. Additionally, the location of Pinkuylluna allows for panoramic views of the town and the surrounding valley.
Don’t rush when you reach the top; take a few minutes to enjoy the stunning views of the Sacred Valley. From Pinkuylluna, you can appreciate a unique panorama of Ollantaytambo and the surrounding mountainous landscape, which is perfect for taking photographs.
View of the Pinkuylluna Fortress from the Ollantaytambo archaeological site
How to get to Pinkuylluna?
1. From Cusco to Ollantaytambo:
- By car or taxi:
- The journey takes about 1.5 hours and covers a distance of 70 km.
- You can take a taxi or private transport from Cusco. At the Cusco bus terminal, you will also find options for transport to Ollantaytambo.
- By bus:
- Several transport companies offer regular trips to Ollantaytambo. The buses depart from the Cusco transport terminal, and the trip takes about 2 hours.
- By car or taxi:
2. From Ollantaytambo to Pinkuylluna:
- Once in Ollantaytambo, Pinkuylluna is only about 10-15 minutes on foot from the town’s main square.
- To get to the site, you must walk along a steep trail that starts near the entrance to the Ollantaytambo archaeological complex. The path is somewhat challenging, but very rewarding due to the panoramic views that can be enjoyed during the climb.
- The hike to the top takes between 30 to 45 minutes, depending on your pace. At the top, you will find the ruins and can enjoy spectacular views of the valley.
Features of the Pinkuylluna Archaeological Complex
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Location | Ollantaytambo, Sacred Valley, Cusco region, about 70km from the city of Cusco. |
| Access | On foot from the main square of Ollantaytambo, about 15 minutes walking. |
| Altitude | Approximately 2,700 meters above sea level. |
| Area | Small area, the site is located on a hill, at a high altitude. |
| Climate | Temperate climate, with sunny days, windy afternoons, and cool nights. Rain is more frequent between November and March. |
| Flora and fauna | Andean mountain flora, such as ichu. Local fauna includes birds and rodents. |
| Conservation conditions | Well-preserved, though some structures have been eroded over time. |
| Accessibility | The trail to Pinkuylluna is steep and rocky, considered of moderate difficulty. |
| Visits and tourism | Less crowded than other nearby sites, such as the main Ollantaytambo archaeological complex. |
What does Pinkuylluna mean?
The name Pinkuylluna comes from Quechua, and its meaning is related to the term “pinkuyllu,” which refers to an Andean wind instrument similar to a flute.
Possible interpretations:
- Place of the pinkuyllu: The term could refer to a space associated with music or ceremony, where the pinkuyllu instrument played an important role, possibly during rituals or spiritual activities in Inca times.
- Sound of the wind: It is also associated with the sound of the wind passing through the structures and mountains, resembling the melodic whistle of a flute, which might have inspired its naming.
Comparison: Pinkuylluna Archaeological Complex vs Pisac Archaeological Complex
| Aspect | Pinkuylluna Archaeological Complex | Pisac Archaeological Complex |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Ollantaytambo, Sacred Valley, Cusco. | Pisac, Sacred Valley, Cusco. |
| Altitude | Approximately 2,700 meters above sea level. | Approximately 2,972 meters above sea level. |
| Access | Walk along a steep, rocky path from Ollantaytambo. | Walk or transport from the town of Pisac. |
| Main Functions | Defense, surveillance, and possible ceremonial use. | Ceremonial, agricultural, military, and residential. |
| State of Preservation | Good condition, though less restored. | Better preserved and restored. |
| Landscapes | View of the town of Ollantaytambo and the Sacred Valley. | View of the Pisac valley and surrounding mountains. |
| Tourism Flow | Less visited, peaceful and less crowded experience. | More visited, part of the Sacred Valley tourist circuit. |
| Accessibility | Free of charge. | Requires an entrance ticket. |
| Cultural Connection | Less documented, surrounded by mystery. | Well-documented, considered an important ceremonial center. |
| Difficulty of the Route | Moderate. | Moderate. |
What was the function of the Pinkuylluna Archaeological Complex?
The Pinkuylluna Archaeological Complex served several important functions within Inca society, with the following standing out:
Storage (Collcas)
- Pinkuylluna is mainly known for its collcas, structures designed for the storage of agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and other essential foods.
- These buildings were located on an elevated and ventilated slope, which helped preserve the food thanks to the dry and cool climate of the area.
Defense and Surveillance
- Due to its strategic location in the heights of Ollantaytambo, Pinkuylluna allowed surveillance of the Sacred Valley (Travel tips for the Sacred Valley of the Incas) and control of access to the town and its surroundings.
- It is likely that it also served as a lookout post against possible attacks or enemy movements.
Ceremonial Connection
- Although its main function was more practical, some researchers suggest that the site may have also had a ceremonial use related to Andean cosmology, given the symbolic importance of height in Inca culture.
Interaction with Ollantaytambo
- Pinkuylluna complemented the functions of the Ollantaytambo complex, which was an administrative, ceremonial, and military center. Together, they formed an integrated system for managing territory, resources, and defense.
Collcas within the Pinkuylluna fortress
If you plan to visit Pinkuylluna during the high season, try to arrive early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid crowds. This will allow you to enjoy the site with more tranquility and take advantage of the soft light to capture spectacular photos of the landscape and Inca structures.
What other places should I visit during my trip to Pinkuylluna?
Its location in the Sacred Valley of the Incas makes the Pinkuylluna archaeological site very close to other tourist attractions. On your next visit, you might consider visiting the following places.
1. Ollantaytambo Fortress:
- One of the most impressive archaeological complexes in the Valley. Explore its agricultural terraces, temples, and viewpoints offering spectacular views.
- Notable for the Temple of the Sun, built with enormous perfectly fitted blocks.
2. Main Plaza of Ollantaytambo:
- A charming space surrounded by colonial and Inca architecture. Ideal for enjoying the peaceful atmosphere of the town.
3. Maras Salt Mines:
- A short distance from Ollantaytambo, these terraced salt mines offer a unique visual spectacle.
4. Moray:
- An archaeological site with circular terraces that served as an Inca agricultural laboratory.
5. Inca Trail to Inti Punku (Sun Gate):
- A hike offering stunning views of the snow-capped mountains and connecting to one of the routes to the Machu Picchu complex. (Hiking guide to the Sun Gate (Inti Punku))
Image Gallery: Pinkuylluna
Recommendations
- Wear hiking shoes (trekking) or shoes with good grip.
- Bring a water bottle to stay hydrated.
- Use sunscreen, a cap, and sunglasses.
- Climb slowly to avoid discomfort due to altitude.
- Visit the complex in the morning to avoid heat and crowds.
- Respect the environment: do not leave trash or touch the structures.
- Bring a camera to capture the panoramic views.
- Wear comfortable, layered clothing suitable for weather changes.
- Avoid visiting on rainy days, as the trail can become dangerous.
Frequently Asked Questions
1) How do I get to Pinkuylluna from Ollantaytambo?
You can walk from the center of Ollantaytambo in about 20 to 30 minutes. The trail is steep, so it is recommended to wear proper footwear.
2) Is a guide necessary to visit Pinkuylluna?
It is not strictly necessary, but a guide can enhance the experience by explaining the historical and cultural context of the site. Many visitors prefer to hire a local guide to learn more details and feel more secure.
3) Is there an entrance fee to access Pinkuylluna?
Currently, Pinkuylluna does not require an official entrance ticket.
4) Is it suitable for people with reduced mobility?
No, access to Pinkuylluna involves a steep walk and uneven terrain, making it difficult for people with reduced mobility.
5) What kind of weather can I expect at Pinkuylluna?
The weather is generally dry and sunny during the day, but it can get considerably cooler in the afternoon. It is recommended to bring sunscreen, a light jacket, and comfortable clothing.
6) Is it safe to visit Pinkuylluna in the afternoon?
Although it is generally safe, it is recommended to visit Pinkuylluna during the day to take advantage of natural light and avoid walking the steep trail in low visibility conditions at sunset.
7) Can I take photos at Pinkuylluna?
Yes, photography is allowed, and the panoramic views of the Sacred Valley and the town of Ollantaytambo make it an excellent place for photography.
8) Are there restaurants or places to eat near Pinkuylluna?
Yes, in the town of Ollantaytambo, you will find several restaurants and cafes where you can enjoy local food before or after your visit to Pinkuylluna.
Advice from people who have been there
By: Darwin N.“My hike to Pinkuylluna“
“Pinkuylluna was a unique experience. Upon reaching the summit, the panoramic view of the Sacred Valley took my breath away. Surrounded by the tranquility of nature and ancient Inca structures, I felt like I was transported back in time.“
By Ticket Machu Picchu – Last updated, January 30, 2025